साचा:Cite book

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This template is used to cite sources in Wikibooks; it is specifically for books. When citing an article in a compilation or anthology, {{Cite journal}} or {{Cite encyclopedia}} are preferred.

Usage

All field names must be in lowercase.

Copy a blank version to use. Remember to use the "|" (pipe) character between each field. Please delete any unused fields to avoid clutter in the edit window.

No templates or magic words are necessary when using an ISBN, OCLC number, or DOI as an identifier. Instead of using the |id= field in these instances, simply use the appropriate field. For instance, type |isbn= followed by the number instead of |id=ISBN 9781234567890. Templates are available for other identification number types to be used in the ID field ({{ISSN}}, {{LCCN}}, {{LCC}}, etc.) if these aren't available. See also the complete description of fields.

Full version (copy and paste text below and delete parameters you don't need)
{{Cite book |title= |last= |first= |author1-link= |last2= |first2= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |others= |trans_title= |url= |format= |access-date= |type= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |year= |month= |origyear= |publisher= |location= |language= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |id= |page= |pages= |trans_chapter= |chapter= |chapter-url= |quote= |ref= |bibcode= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp= }}
Most commonly used fields (use this and you won't have to delete as much)
{{Cite book |title= |last= |first= |author-link= |coauthors= |year= |publisher= |location= |isbn= |pages= |url= |access-date= }}
Example 1	{{Cite book |last=Cordell |first=Bruce R. |coauthors=Jeff Grubb, David Yu |title=Manual of the Planes |publisher=Wizards of the Coast |year=2001 |month=September |isbn=0786918508}}	Cordell, Bruce R. (2001). Manual of the Planes. Wizards of the Coast. ISBN 0786918508.
Example 2	{{Cite book |title = The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes |last = Mumford |first = David |author-link = David Mumford |publisher = Springer-Verlag |series = Lecture notes in mathematics 1358 |year = 1999 |doi = 10.1007/b62130 |isbn = 354063293X }}	Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes. Lecture notes in mathematics 1358. Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X.

Vertical list	Prerequisites *	Brief instructions
{{Cite book |last= |first= |authormask= |authorlink= |coauthors= |firstn= |lastn= |authorn-link= |editor= |editorn-last= |editorn-first= |editor-link= |editorn-link= |others= |title= |trans_title= |url= |format= |accessdate= |type= |edition= |series= |volume= |date= |origyear= |year= |month= |publisher= |location= |language= |isbn= |oclc= |doi= |bibcode= |id= |page= |pages= |nopp= |chapter= |trans_chapter= |chapterurl= |quote= |ref= |laysummary= |laydate= |separator= |postscript= |lastauthoramp= }}	last   last last   lastn       editor or editor-last editorn-last         url url           year or date   year   publisher                 page or pages     chapter       laysummary     coauthors or >1 lastn	(no wikilink) (no wikilink)     alternative to first2, last2...first9, last9 (no wikilink). n=1 through 9 n=1 through 9   n=1 through 4 n=1 through 4   n=1 through 4       insert url of online version of the book or an extract, if available           †preferred (no wikilink)      alternative to date          always include ISBN if one has been assigned             hides automatic 'p' or 'pp'. ‡(no wikilink). Synonymous with "contribution".

† This is the preferred field with its alternates listed below.

‡ If |chapterurl= is provided then |chapter= can not have wikilinks.

Fields

Wikilinks

Except where specifically prohibited in the field descriptions below, most fields can be wikilinked (e.g. title = [[book article|book title]]), but should generally only be linked to an existing Wikipedia article. Wikilinked fields must escape the characters <>[]{} rather than including them directly.

Description of fields

Syntax (for the technical-minded)

Nested fields rely on their parent fields:

• parent
• OR: parent2 — may be used instead of parent
  • child — may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
  • OR: child2 — may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)

Description

• last: Surname of author. Don't wikilink (use authorlink instead).
  • first: First name(s) of author, including title(s) (e.g. Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Snr.). Don't wikilink (use authorlink instead).
    • The 'last' and 'first' fields are not ideally suited to authors whose surname is usually written first (e.g. as in Chinese). Use the same format as the source uses to handle these cases.
  • authormask – This parameter is primarily intended for use in bibliographies where multiple works by a single author are listed. It replaces the name of the first author (which must still be provided to garner metadata) with a strike-thru dash (—) authormask em in length. So if |authormask=1 then the dash will be one em in length, if |authormask=2 it will be two em long and so on. Set authormask to a text value to display a word instead – for example, 'with'. You must still include |last= and |first= for metadata purposes. See Examples for typical usage.
  • authorlink: Title of Wikipedia article about author (not the author's personal website). Article should already exist. Must not be wikilinked itself. Do not use this on its own, but along with author or first and last.
  • coauthors: Full name of additional author or authors, separated by ", " (e.g. Joe Bloggs, John F. Kennedy, H. R. Dent).
    • Whether the surname of the co-authors goes first or last is dependent on the citation style (see the citation style section below) preferred.
• OR: author: Full name of author, preferably surname first. (deprecated) Don't wikilink (use authorlink instead).
• OR: for multiple authors, use the fields first1, last1, ...,firstn, lastn to 'correctly' record all the information about the book (the first nine authors are printed, then et al. is appended if even more authors were specified). Don't wikilink as there are corresponding authorlink1, ..., authorlink9 fields as well. This usage is preferred to the use of coauthors.
• editor: Name of editor/editors. Do not Wikilink any values in the editor field but use editor-link instead. The template automatically adds "ed." after the editor's name unless the chapter parameter is used in which case the template adds "in" before the editor's name which appears after the chapter and before the title. This implies that the author is responsible only for part of the book (including the cited chapter) and the editor responsible for the whole book. If, however, the author(s) and editor(s) are responsible for the whole book, then the editor field or its alternates described below should not be used if the chapter field is being used. Instead, the editor(s) should be included in an author field with possibly "(ed.)" after the surname(s). Alternatively, the editor field may be used if the chapter detail is included in the title field instead of using the chapter field.
• OR: alternatively editor-first and editor-last can be used in the same way as first and last.
• OR: for multiple editors up to four in number, use the fields editor1-first, editor1-last, ...,editorn-first, editorn-last to 'correctly' record all the information about the book in the same way as firstn and lastn.
  • editor-link or editor1-link...editorn-link is used in the same way as authorlink or authorlinkn.
• others: To record other contributors to the work, such as "illustrated by Smith" or "trans. Smith".
• title: Title of book. This is the only required parameter. Do not use italics.
  • trans_title: If the book cited is in a foreign language, an English translation of the title can be given here. The template will display this in square brackets after the title field and it will point to the url link, if used. Use of language parameter is recommended if this parameter is used.
• url: URL of an online location where text of the book can be found. Cannot be used if you wikilinked title. If applicable, should point to the specific page(s) referenced. Do not use this field to link to any commercial booksellers (such as Amazon.com). The ISBN link is a much better alternative which allows readers access to the books in their own countries or through their own choice of source, including Amazon, Google Books, thousands of libraries, and more.
  • format: Format, e.g. PDF. HTML implied if not specified.
  • accessdate: Full date when url was accessed. Should be used when url field is used. Should be in the same format as other dates in citations in the same article. Must not be wikilinked.
• type: If the publication is a thesis or dissertation, the type can be specified here. For example, type=PhD thesis produces "(PhD thesis)" immediately after the title.
• edition: When the book has more than one edition. e.g.: "2nd.", "Revised" etc.. Note that the template automatically displays " ed." after this field, so edition=2nd produces "2nd ed.".
• series: When the book is part of a series of publications
• volume: For one book published in several volumes. However, this template displays the text in this field in bold type after the title and series parameters. An alternative is to include the volume information in the title field after the main title (see example below). (NB: there is a separate {{Cite encyclopedia}} template).
• date: Full date of publication edition being referenced, in the same format as other dates in citations in the same article. Must not be wikilinked.
• OR: year: Year of publication edition being referenced
  • month: Name of the month of publication. If you also have the day, use date instead. Must not be wikilinked.
  • origyear: Original publication year, for display alongside the date or year. For clarity, please supply specifics, for instance origyear=First published 1859 or origyear=Composed 1904. This parameter only displays if a there is a value for year or date.
• publisher: Publisher should not include corporate designation such as "Ltd" or "Inc".
  • location: Geographical place of publication.
• language: The language the book is written in, if it is not English. The template automatically puts parentheses around the text and adds "in" before the language name.
• isbn: International Standard Book Number such as 1-111-22222-9. Note that |isbn=, like all field names, must be in lowercase. The field must not be wikilinked as the template automatically creates a link. The template is insensitive to formatting so an ISBN number without dashes ("-") may be used (e.g. |isbn=1111222229). Please use the 13-digit ISBN where possible; this can normally be found beneath the barcode as a number beginning 978 or 979. For books with the older SBN system (9 digits), use this field but prefix the number with a zero; thus SBN 902888 45 5 should be entered as |isbn=0 902888 45 5.
• oclc: Online Computer Library Center ID number, such as 3185581. The field must not be wikilinked as the template automatically creates a link.
• doi: A digital object identifier such as 10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001. The field must not be wikilinked as the template automatically creates a link.
• bibcode: A nineteen character Bibcode identifier. The field must not be wikilinked as the template automatically creates a link.
• id: A unique identifier, used if none of the above are applicable. In this case, you need to specify the kind of identifier you are using, preferably with a template like {{ASIN}} or {{ISSN}}. (Use one of the more specialized parameters if possible; they are linked automatically. In other words, don't use |id=ISBN 1-111-22222-9 anymore; use |isbn=1-111-22222-9. If the book has a SBN but not an ISBN, see |isbn=.)
• pages or page: These parameters are for listing the pages relevant to the citation, not the total number of pages in the book. "|pages= 5–7" produces "pp. 5–7", while "|page= 5" produces "p. 5". The "pp." notation indicating multiple pages, and "p." notation indicating a single page, are placed automatically when you choose between the plural (pages) or singular (page) form of the parameter.
  • nopp: using "page" or "pages", automatically places the p. or pp. notations. If this is inappropriate—for instance, if page=Front cover, placing any value after nopp (e.g. nopp=y will hide the p. or pp. notation.
• chapter (= contribution): The chapter of the book, written in full. Punctuation other than quotes should be included in the value passed to the parameter, e.g. |chapter=Chapter 12: Meet Dick and Jane. produces "Chapter 12: Meet Dick and Jane." ahead of title.
  • trans_chapter: Acts in the same way as trans_title. The field will be displayed in square brackets within the quotation marks which embrace the chapter field. Use of language parameter is recommended if this parameter is used.
  • chapterurl: URL of an individual chapter of online book. Should be at the same site as url, if any.
• quote: Relevant quote from the book.
• ref: ID for anchor. By default, no anchor is generated. The ordinary nonempty value |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of wikilinks to full references, especially useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The special value |ref=harv generates an anchor suitable for the {{harv}} template; see anchors for Harvard referencing templates. See "Wikilinks to full references" in Examples below for using the ref field in citation templates in conjunction with short <ref>...</ref> citations.
• laysummary: Link to a non-technical summary (or review) of the book
  • laydate: Date of summary
• separator: The separator to use in lists of authors, editors, etc. Defaults to ".", but "," may be useful also.
• postscript: The closing punctuation for the citation. Defaults to ".", but "" may be useful also.
• lastauthoramp: The separator to use between the last two names in lists of authors. Defaults to "", but "&" may be useful as well.

Examples

Just a title

* {{Cite book | title=Mysterious book }}

• Mysterious book.

Year and title

* {{Cite book | title=Mysterious book | year=1901 }}

• Mysterious book. 1901.

Basic usage

* {{Cite book | first=Joe | last=Bloggs | authorlink=Joe Bloggs | year=1974 | title=Book of Bloggs }}

• Bloggs, Joe (1974). Book of Bloggs.

Basic usage with url

* {{Cite book | last=Bloggs | first=Joe | authorlink=Joe Bloggs | year=1974 | title=Book of Bloggs | edition=1st | url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ | accessdate=2006-02-17 }}

• Bloggs, Joe (1974). Book of Bloggs (1st ed.). 2006-02-17 रोजी पाहिले.

Citing a chapter in a book with different authors for different chapters and an editor

* {{Cite book |last=Bloggs | first=Fred |editor-first=John| editor-last=Doe |title=Big Compilation Book With Many Chapters and distinct chapter authors |publisher=Book Publishers |date=2001-01-01 |pages=100-110 |chapter=Chapter 2: The History Of The Bloggs Family |isbn=1234567890}}

• Bloggs, Fred (2001-01-01). "Chapter 2: The History Of The Bloggs Family". In Doe, John (ed.). Big Book With Many Chapters and distinct chapter authors. Book Publishers. pp. 100–110. ISBN 1234567890.

Citing a chapter in a book with two joint authors and an editor

* {{Cite book |last1=Bloggs | first1=Joe| last2=Egg| first2=Fred| first3=John (ed.)| last3=Doe |title=Big Book With Many Chapters and two co-authors |publisher=Book Publishers |date=2001-01-01 ||origyear=1st. Pub. 1986|pages=100-110 |chapter=Chapter 6: Getting There| chapterurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/ |isbn=1234567890| lastauthoramp=y}}

• Bloggs, Joe; Egg, Fred & Doe, John (ed.) (2001-01-01) [1st. Pub. 1986]. "Chapter 6: Getting There". Big Book With Many Chapters and two co-authors. Book Publishers. pp. 100–110. ISBN 1234567890.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)

Three authors, title with a piped wikilink, edition

* {{Cite book | last1=Bloggs | first1=Joe | authorlink=Joe Bloggs | first2=John | last2=Smith | first3=Jim | last3=Smythe | title=1000 Acres | edition=2nd }}

• Bloggs, Joe; Smith, John; Smythe, Jim. 1000 Acres (2nd ed.).

Complex usage showing effect of using volume parameter and lastauthoramp parameter

Without volume and lastauthoramp parameters:

*{{Cite book|first1=Major-General I.S.O.| last1=Playfair| authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair| first2=Commander G.M.S| last2=Stitt| first3=Brigadier C.J.C.| last3=Molony| first4=Air Vice-Marshal S.E.| last4=Toomer| editor-first=J.R.M| editor-last=Butler| series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series| title=Mediterranean and Middle East. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941)| publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK|year=2007| origyear=1st. pub. HMSO:1954| isbn=1-845740-65-3}}

• Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; Stitt, Commander G.M.S; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; Toomer, Air Vice-Marshall S.E. (2007) [1st. pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

With volume and last authoramp parameters:

*{{Cite book|first1=Major-General I.S.O.| last1=Playfair| authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair| first2=Commander G.M.S| last2=Stitt| first3=Brigadier C.J.C.| last3=Molony| first4=Air Vice-Marshall S.E.| last4=Toomer| editor-first=J.R.M| editor-last=Butler| series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series| title=Mediterranean and Middle East|volume=Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941)| publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK|year=2007| origyear=1st. pub. HMSO:1954| isbn=1-845740-65-3|lastauthoramp=y}}

• Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; Stitt, Commander G.M.S; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshall S.E. (2007) [1st. pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3.

Date without day, wikilinked title and publisher, id, pages, location

* {{Cite book | last=Cordell | first=Bruce R. | coauthors=Jeff Grubb, David Noonan | year=2001 | month=September | title=Manual of the Planes | publisher=Wizards of the Coast | location=Timbuktu | isbn=0-7869-1850-8 | pages= 134-137 }}

• Cordell, Bruce R. (2001). Manual of the Planes. Timbuktu: Wizards of the Coast. pp. 134–137. ISBN 0-7869-1850-8.

Other language

* {{Cite book | last=Bloggs | first=Jean | year=1974 | title=Livre de Bloggs | edition=1st | language=French| trans_title=Book of Bloggs| url=http://en.wikipedia.org/ | accessdate=2006-02-17 }}

• Bloggs, Jean (1974). Livre de Bloggs (French भाषेत) (1st ed.). 2006-02-17 रोजी पाहिले. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

Using authormask parameter

{{Cite book|first1=Major-General I.S.O.| last1=Playfair| authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair| last2=Stitt| first2=Commander G.M.S| last3=Molony| first3=Brigadier C.J.C.| last4=Toomer| first4=Air Vice-Marshall S.E.|editor-last=Butler| editor-first=J.R.M| editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler | series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series| title=Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941)| publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK|year=2004| origyear=1st. pub. HMSO:1954| isbn=1-845740-65-3| lastauthoramp=y}}

{{Cite book|first1=Major-General I.S.O.| last1=Playfair| authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair| last2=Flynn| first2=Captain F.C. (R.N.)| last3=Molony| first3=Brigadier C.J.C.| last4=Toomer| first4=Air Vice-Marshall S.E.|editor-last=Butler| editor-first=J.R.M| editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series| title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans come to the help of their Ally (1941)| publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |year=2004| origyear=1st. pub. HMSO:1956| isbn=1-845740-66-1| lastauthoramp=y| authormask=2}}

{{Cite book|first1=Major-General I.S.O.| last1=Playfair| authorlink1=Ian Stanley Ord Playfair| last2=Flynn| first2=Captain F.C. (R.N.)| last3=Molony| first3=Brigadier C.J.C.| last4=Gleave| first4=Group Captain T.P.|editor-last=Butler| editor-first=Sir James| editor-link=James Ramsay Montagu Butler |series=History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series| title=The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes reach their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942)| publisher=Naval & Military Press |location=Uckfield, UK |year=2004| origyear=1st. pub. HMSO:1960| isbn=1-845740-67-X| lastauthoramp=y| authormask=2}}

Playfair, Major-General I.S.O.; Stitt, Commander G.M.S; Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshall S.E. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO:1954]. Butler, J.R.M (ed.). Mediterranean and Middle East Volume I: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-65-3.
——; Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.); Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Toomer, Air Vice-Marshall S.E. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO:1956]. Butler, J.R.M (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume II: The Germans come to the help of their Ally (1941). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-66-1.
——; Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.); Molony, Brigadier C.J.C. & Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004) [1st. pub. HMSO:1960]. Butler, Sir James (ed.). The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume III: British Fortunes reach their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942). History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. ISBN 1-845740-67-X.

Using a DOI

*{{Cite book |last=Mumford |first=David |authorlink=David Mumford |year=1999 |title=The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes: Includes the Michigan Lectures (1974) on Curves and Their Jacobians |edition=2nd |publisher=Springer-Verlag |doi=10.1007/b62130 |isbn=354063293X }}

• Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes: Includes the Michigan Lectures (1974) on Curves and Their Jacobians (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X.

Wikilinks to full references

As mentioned, the bibliographical data of the cited source can be “tagged” by an identifier: this enables the system to “find” the target of the wikilinks. This “tagging” with an identifier can be done by enclosing between <cite id=…>…</cite> tags, but this tool can be superfluous if the bibliographical data are provided with a citation template: the ref field of the chosen citation template must be set to the same name.

Wikilink example edit:

Shamans may fulfill multiple functions, including healing, curing infertile women, and securing the success of hunts.<ref>[[#Mer85|Merkur 1985]]: 4</ref>

== Notes ==

{{reflist|2}}

== References ==

* {{Cite book |last=Merkur |first=Daniel |year=1985 |title=Becoming Half Hidden: Shamanism and Initiation among the Inuit |publisher=Almqvist & Wiksell |location=Stockholm |isbn=91-22-00752-0 |ref=Mer85}}

Example rendered result:

Shamans may fulfill multiple functions, including healing, curing infertile women, and securing the success of hunts.

Notes

---

References

---

• Merkur, Daniel (1985). Becoming Half Hidden: Shamanism and Initiation among the Inuit. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell. ISBN 91-22-00752-0.

Attention must be paid: not all other citation templates support this. In such cases, the service can be achieved also by enclosing the concerned bibliographical item inside <cite id=…>…</cite> tags: also this way, it can feature as a target of Wikilinks to full references. The id attribute of the tag must be set to the same name what we would give to the (lacking) ref field of the citation template.

Note

Note the extra full-stop when the last author ends with an initial, and there is no date:

• Invisible, M. Mysterious book.

We don't know of a practical solution to this — unless there is a way to test the characters of a field?

TemplateData

This is the TemplateData documentation for this template used by VisualEditor and other tools. TemplateData for Cite book Displays an inline citation to a reliable source corroborating the information provided [साचामाहितीचे(डाटा) व्यवस्थापन करा] साच्याचे प्राचल (पॅरामिटर्स) ह्या टेंप्लेटचे प्रारुपण आपण आपल्या इच्छेप्रमाणे करु शकता. प्राचल वर्णन प्रकार स्थिती Title title Title and subtitle of cited source work उदाहरण International Copyright Law Survey तंतू हवे Author's last name last last1 surname surname1 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू सुचविलेले Author's first name first first1 given given1 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू सुचविलेले author author author1 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक author-link author-link author1-link authorlink authorlink1 काहीच वर्णन नाही पान ऐच्छिक ISBN isbn ISBN of publication (if known), without hyphens or spaces (ISBN-13 preferred) उदाहरण 9781234567890 आकडा सुचविलेले Publisher publisher Name of original publisher, without company abbreviations like Inc. or LLC उदाहरण HarperCollins तंतू सुचविलेले Publication date date publication-date Date of publication, in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DD) उदाहरण 1981-08-16 दिनांक सुचविलेले Publication year year Year of publication (if known but exact date isn't), in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DD) उदाहरण 1981 आकडा ऐच्छिक Publisher location location place publication-place काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक URL url Address the source can be viewed online freely by the public, if available उदाहरण https://worldcopyrightlaw.com/copyrightsurvey यूआरएल सुचविलेले Access date access-date accessdate The most recent date the source was verified to be available by an editor, in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DD) उदाहरण 2019-10-25 दिनांक सुचविलेले File type format File format of provided URL to access source (e.g. PDF, DOC, XLS, TXT, etc.) उदाहरण PDF तंतू ऐच्छिक authors authors काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक author-mask author-mask authormask काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक coauthor coauthor काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक coauthors coauthors काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक last2 last2 surname2 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक first2 first2 given2 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक author2 author2 काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक author2-link author2-link authorlink2 काहीच वर्णन नाही पान ऐच्छिक last3 last3 surname3 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक first3 first3 given3 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक author3 author3 काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक author3-link author3-link authorlink3 काहीच वर्णन नाही पान ऐच्छिक last4 last4 surname4 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक first4 first4 given4 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक author4 author4 काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक author4-link author4-link authorlink4 काहीच वर्णन नाही पान ऐच्छिक last5 last5 surname5 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक first5 first5 given5 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक author5 author5 काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक author5-link author5-link authorlink5 काहीच वर्णन नाही पान ऐच्छिक last6 last6 surname6 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक first6 first6 given6 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक author6 author6 काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक author6-link author6-link authorlink6 काहीच वर्णन नाही पान ऐच्छिक last7 last7 surname7 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक first7 first7 given7 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक author7 author7 काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक author7-link author7-link authorlink7 काहीच वर्णन नाही पान ऐच्छिक last8 last8 surname8 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक first8 first8 given8 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक author8 author8 काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक author8-link author8-link authorlink8 काहीच वर्णन नाही पान ऐच्छिक last9 last9 surname9 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक first9 first9 given9 काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक author9 author9 काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक author9-link author9-link authorlink9 काहीच वर्णन नाही पान ऐच्छिक origyear origyear काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक day day काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक month month काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक trans_chapter trans_chapter काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक trans_title trans_title काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक type type काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक series series काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक volume volume काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक issue issue काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक number number काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक journal journal काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक periodical periodical काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक newspaper newspaper काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक magazine magazine काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक pages pages काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक page page काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक at at काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक nopp nopp काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक chapter chapter काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक contribution contribution काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक chapter-url chapter-url chapterurl काहीच वर्णन नाही यूआरएल ऐच्छिक contribution-url contribution-url काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक others others काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक edition edition काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक editor-last editor-last editor1-last editor-surname editor1-surname काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक editor-first editor-first editor-given editor1-first editor1-given काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक editor editor काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक editor-link editor-link editor1-link काहीच वर्णन नाही पान ऐच्छिक editors editors काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक editor2-last editor2-last editor2-surname काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक editor2-first editor2-first editor2-given काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक editor2-link editor2-link काहीच वर्णन नाही पान ऐच्छिक editor3-last editor3-last editor3-surname काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक editor3-first editor3-first editor3-given काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक editor3-link editor3-link काहीच वर्णन नाही पान ऐच्छिक editor4-last editor4-last editor4-surname काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक editor4-first editor4-first editor4-given काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक editor4-link editor4-link काहीच वर्णन नाही पान ऐच्छिक Language of source language Language of source if not in English, unabbreviated उदाहरण Portuguese तंतू ऐच्छिक in in काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक oclc oclc काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक bibcode bibcode काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक doi doi काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक doi_brokendate doi_brokendate काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक dateformat dateformat काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक quote quote काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक laysummary laysummary काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक laydate laydate काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक ref ref काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक separator separator seperator author-separator author-name-separator काहीच वर्णन नाही तंतू ऐच्छिक postscript postscript काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक display-authors display-authors काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक lastauthoramp lastauthoramp काहीच वर्णन नाही अज्ञात ऐच्छिक Unique identifier id ISBN, ISSN, OCLC, etc. उदाहरण ISBN 9781234567890 तंतू नापसंत केले

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